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روان شناسی و مشاوره::
رشد کودک
The psychoanalytic school of thought has had considerable impact on perspectives of child development since the early days of Sigmund Freud (1856-1939).
relationship can all have a powerful influence on child development.
Beginning with Bronfenbrenner's ecological model (1979, 1989) as an overarching frame- work, there is a greater appreciation of how the child's development is influenced, not only by the child's individual characteristics (biological context, such as genetic makeup, tempera- ment, intelligence), but the child's immediate environment/microsystem (family, school, peers, community neighborhood), the surrounding social and economic context/exosystem (poverty, divorce, family stress), as well as cultural context/macrosystem.
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